Computing Notes

Time Complexity – Computer Science

Data Structure and AlgorithmLeave a Comment

Complexity Hierarchy Logarithmic: $O(\log n)$ The “Sublinear” breakthrough. Allows processing of massive matrices by only sampling specific parts. Linear: $O(n)$ The “Old” Standard. Required reading the entire input, which is impossible for modern recommendation scales. Polynomial: $O(poly(k))$ The “Classical Analogue.” While slower than quantum, it remains fast enough to be practical. Exponential: $O(2^n)$ The “Quantum ... Read More

Systems of Linear Equations and Matrices

Linear Algebra, MathematicsLeave a Comment

References: Linear Equation: At its simplest, a linear equation is an algebraic equation that creates a straight line when plotted on a graph. Every variable in the equation is raised to the first power (meaning no exponents like $x^2$ or $y^3$), and there are no variables multiplied by each other. The Standard Forms Depending on ... Read More

Applications of Machine Learning

Machine LearningLeave a Comment

Quick video on examples of machine learning applications.

Machine Learning Applications – Learning Associations

Machine LearningLeave a Comment

References: Learning Associations Association Rule Learning is a rule-based method used to discover interesting relations or “hidden patterns” between variables in large databases. It is primarily an unsupervised learning technique because it doesn’t require pre-labeled data; it simply looks for items that frequently occur together. The most famous application is Market Basket Analysis, which retailers ... Read More

Algorithm Analysis

Data Structure and AlgorithmLeave a Comment

Resources: What is Algorithm? Asymptotic Notation In computer science, Asymptotic Notation is a mathematical language used to describe the efficiency of an algorithm as the input size (usually called $n$) grows toward infinity. It allows us to ignore hardware-specific details (like processor speed) and focus purely on how the time or space requirements of a ... Read More

Quantum Federated Learning with Qiskit

Quantum Federated LearningLeave a Comment

Resources: What is Quantum Federated Learning? Quantum Federated Learning (QFL) is a decentralized machine learning framework where multiple clients collaboratively train a global quantum model without sharing their private, local data. In this framework, clients perform local training on their own datasets and then share only their updated model weights with a central server for ... Read More

Qiskit Machine Learning

Qiskit, Quantum Machine LearningLeave a Comment

Resources: What is Qiskit Machine Learning? Qiskit Machine Learning is an open-source library built on top of the core Qiskit framework that integrates quantum computing with classical machine learning. It acts as a bridge, allowing researchers and developers to use quantum algorithms for tasks like classification, regression, and clustering. Instead of manually building every gate, ... Read More

Data Structure and Algorithms – Queues

Data Structure and AlgorithmLeave a Comment

Resources: Queues are one of the most intuitive and widely used data structures in computer science. If you’ve ever waited in line at a coffee shop, ticket counter, or printer, you’ve already experienced a queue in real life! What is a Queue? A queue is an abstract data type that follows the FIFO principle – ... Read More

Calculus – Natural Logarithms

Calculus, MathematicsLeave a Comment

Resources: What is Natural Logarithm? In calculus, the natural logarithm is the logarithm to the base e, where e is an irrational and transcendental constant approximately equal to 2.71828. Unlike base-10 logarithms (common logs), the natural logarithm, denoted as $ln(x)$, is preferred in calculus because it simplifies the differentiation and integration of exponential functions. 1. ... Read More

Euler’s Number $e$

Calculus, MathematicsLeave a Comment

Resources: What is Euler’s Number? Euler’s number (e≈2.71828e is approximately equal to 2.71828) was first discovered by Swiss mathematician in Jacob Bernoulli in1683 while studying compound interest. However, it is named after Leonhard Euler, who popularized the constant, discovered its connection to calculus, calculated its value to 23 decimal places, and used the letter 𝑒 ... Read More